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This article explains how to install the Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server on Linux. It also includes instructions for the optional command-line tools for SQL Server (bcp and sqlcmd) and the unixODBC development headers.

This article provides commands for installing the ODBC driver from the bash shell. If you want to download the packages directly, see Download ODBC Driver for SQL Server.

Microsoft ODBC 17

The following sections explain how to install the Microsoft ODBC driver 17 from the bash shell for different Linux distributions.

Important

If you installed the v17 msodbcsql package that was briefly available, you should remove it before installing the msodbcsql17 package. This will avoid conflicts. The msodbcsql17 package can be installed side by side with the msodbcsql v13 package.

Alpine Linux

Note

Driver version 17.5 or higher is required for Alpine support.

Debian

Note

You can substitute setting the environment variable 'ACCEPT_EULA' with setting the debconf variable 'msodbcsql/ACCEPT_EULA' instead: echo msodbcsql17 msodbcsql/ACCEPT_EULA boolean true | sudo debconf-set-selections

Red Hat Enterprise Server and Oracle Linux

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

Ubuntu

Note

• Driver version 17.2 or higher is required for Ubuntu 18.04 support.
• Driver version 17.3 or higher is required for Ubuntu 18.10 support.

Note

You can substitute setting the environment variable 'ACCEPT_EULA' with setting the debconf variable 'msodbcsql/ACCEPT_EULA' instead: echo msodbcsql17 msodbcsql/ACCEPT_EULA boolean true | sudo debconf-set-selections

Previous versions

The following sections provide instructions for installing previous versions of the Microsoft ODBC driver on Linux. The following driver versions are covered:

ODBC 13.1

The following sections explain how to install the Microsoft ODBC driver 13.1 from the bash shell for different Linux distributions.

Debian 8

RedHat Enterprise Server 6

RedHat Enterprise Server 7

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

Ubuntu 15.10

Ubuntu 16.04

Ubuntu 16.10

ODBC 13

The following sections explain how to install the Microsoft ODBC driver 13 from the bash shell for different Linux distributions.

RedHat Enterprise Server 6

RedHat Enterprise Server 7

Ubuntu 15.10

Ubuntu 16.04

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

Offline installation

If you prefer/require the Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 to be installed on a computer with no internet connection, you will need to resolve package dependencies manually. The Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 has the following direct dependencies:

• Ubuntu: libc6 (>= 2.21), libstdc++6 (>= 4.9), libkrb5-3, libcurl3, openssl, debconf (>= 0.5), unixodbc (>= 2.3.1-1)
• Red Hat: glibc, e2fsprogs, krb5-libs, openssl, unixODBC
• SUSE: glibc, libuuid1, krb5, openssl, unixODBC

Each of these packages in turn has their own dependencies, which may or may not be present on the system. For a general solution to this issue, refer to your distribution's package manager documentation: Redhat, Ubuntu, and SUSE

It is also common to manually download all the dependent packages and place them together on the installation computer, then manually install each package in turn, finishing with the Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 package.

Redhat Linux Enterprise Server 7

• Download the latest msodbcsql.rpm from https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/7/prod/.
• Install dependencies and the driver.

Ubuntu 16.04

• Download the latest msodbcsql.deb from https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/prod/pool/main/m/msodbcsql/.
• Install dependencies and the driver.

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

• Download the latest msodbcsql.rpm from https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/12/prod/.
• Install the dependencies and the driver.

After you have completed the package installation, you can verify that the Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 can find all its dependencies by running ldd and inspecting its output for missing libraries:

ODBC 11

The following sections explain how to install the Microsoft ODBC driver 11 on Linux. Before you can use the driver, install the unixODBC driver manager. For more information, see Installing the Driver Manager.

Installation Steps

Important

These instructions refer to msodbcsql-11.0.2270.0.tar.gz, which is installation file for Red Hat Linux. If you are installing the Preview for SUSE Linux, the file name is msodbcsql-11.0.2260.0.tar.gz.

To install the driver:

1. Make sure that you have root permission.

2. Change to the directory where the download placed the file msodbcsql-11.0.2270.0.tar.gz. Make sure that you have the *.tar.gz file that matches your version of Linux. To extract the files, execute the following command, tar xvzf msodbcsql-11.0.2270.0.tar.gz.

3. Change to the msodbcsql-11.0.2270.0 directory and there you should see a file called install.sh.

4. To see a list of the available installation options, execute the following command: ./install.sh.

5. Make a backup of odbcinst.ini. The driver installation updates odbcinst.ini. odbcinst.ini contains the list of drivers that are registered with the unixODBC Driver Manager. To discover the location of odbcinst.ini on your computer, execute the following command: odbc_config --odbcinstini.

6. Before you install the driver, execute the following command: ./install.sh verify. The output of ./install.sh verify reports if your computer has the required software to support the ODBC driver on Linux.

7. When you are ready to install the ODBC driver on Linux, execute the command: ./install.sh install. If you need to specify an install command (bin-dir or lib-dir), specify the command after the install option.

8. After reviewing the license agreement, type YES to continue with the installation.

Installation puts the driver in /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql/11.0.2270.0. The driver and its support files must be in /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql/11.0.2270.0.

To verify that the Microsoft ODBC driver on Linux was registered successfully, execute the following command: odbcinst -q -d -n 'ODBC Driver 11 for SQL Server'.

Uninstall

You can uninstall the ODBC driver 11 on Linux by executing the following commands:

1. rm -f /usr/bin/sqlcmd

2. rm -f /usr/bin/bcp

3. rm -rf /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql

4. odbcinst -u -d -n 'ODBC Driver 11 for SQL Server'

Driver files

The ODBC driver on Linux consists of the following components:

Resource file loading

The driver needs to load the resource file in order to function. This file is called msodbcsqlr17.rll or msodbcsqlr13.rll depending on the driver version. The location of the .rll file is relative to the location of the driver itself (so or dylib), as noted in the table above. As of version 17.1 the driver will also attempt to load the .rll from the default directory if loading from the relative path fails. The default resource file path on Linux is /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql17/share/resources/en_US/.

Troubleshooting

If you are unable to make a connection to SQL Server using the ODBC driver, see the known issues article on troubleshooting connection problems.

Next steps

After installing the driver, you can try the C++ ODBC example application. For more information about developing ODBC applications, see Developing Applications.

For more information, see the ODBC driver release notes and system requirements.

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The following steps install the command-line tools, Microsoft ODBC drivers, and their dependencies. The mssql-tools package contains:

• sqlcmd: Command-line query utility.
• bcp: Bulk import-export utility.

Install the tools for your platform:

This article describes how to install the command-line tools. If you are looking for examples of how to use sqlcmd or bcp, see the links at the end of this topic.

Install tools on RHEL 7

Use the following steps to install the mssql-tools on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

1. Enter superuser mode.

2. Download the Microsoft Red Hat repository configuration file.

3. Exit superuser mode.

4. If you had a previous version of mssql-tools installed, remove any older unixODBC packages.

5. Run the following commands to install mssql-tools with the unixODBC developer package.

   Note

   To update to the latest version of mssql-tools run the following commands:

6. Optional: Add /opt/mssql-tools/bin/ to your PATH environment variable in a bash shell.

   To make sqlcmd/bcp accessible from the bash shell for login sessions, modify your PATH in the ~/.bash_profile file with the following command:

   To make sqlcmd/bcp accessible from the bash shell for interactive/non-login sessions, modify the PATH in the ~/.bashrc file with the following command:

Install tools on Ubuntu 16.04

Use the following steps to install the mssql-tools on Ubuntu.

Note

Ubuntu 18.04 is supported starting with SQL Server 2019 CU3. If you are using Ubuntu 18.04, change the repository path from /ubuntu/16.04 to /ubuntu/18.04.

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1. Import the public repository GPG keys.

2. Register the Microsoft Ubuntu repository.

3. Update the sources list and run the installation command with the unixODBC developer package.

   Note

   To update to the latest version of mssql-tools run the following commands:

4. Optional: Add /opt/mssql-tools/bin/ to your PATH environment variable in a bash shell.

   To make sqlcmd/bcp accessible from the bash shell for login sessions, modify your PATH in the ~/.bash_profile file with the following command:

   To make sqlcmd/bcp accessible from the bash shell for interactive/non-login sessions, modify the PATH in the ~/.bashrc file with the following command:

Install tools on SLES 12

Use the following steps to install the mssql-tools on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.

1. Add the Microsoft SQL Server repository to Zypper.

2. Install mssql-tools with the unixODBC developer package.

   Note

   To update to the latest version of mssql-tools run the following commands:

3. Optional: Add /opt/mssql-tools/bin/ to your PATH environment variable in a bash shell.

   To make sqlcmd/bcp accessible from the bash shell for login sessions, modify your PATH in the ~/.bash_profile file with the following command:

   To make sqlcmd/bcp accessible from the bash shell for interactive/non-login sessions, modify the PATH in the ~/.bashrc file with the following command:

Install tools on macOS

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A preview of sqlcmd and bcp is now available on macOS. For more information, see the announcement.

Install Homebrew if you don't have it already:

To install the tools for Mac El Capitan and Sierra, use the following commands:

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Docker

If you run SQL Server in a Docker container, the SQL Server command-line tools are already included in the SQL Server Linux container image. If you attach to a running container with an interactive bash shell, you can run the tools locally.

Offline installation

If your Linux machine does not have access to the online repositories used in the previous sections, you can download the package files directly. These packages are located in the Microsoft repository, https://packages.microsoft.com.

Tip

If you successfully installed with the steps in the previous sections, you do not need to download or manually install the package(s) below. This is only for the offline scenario.

1. First, locate and copy the mssql-tools package for your Linux distribution:

   Linux distribution	mssql-tools package location
   Red Hat	https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/7.3/prod
   SLES	https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/12/prod
   Ubuntu 16.04	https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/prod/pool/main/m/mssql-tools

2. Also locate and copy the msodbcsql package, which is a dependency. The msodbcsql package also has a dependency on either unixODBC-devel (Red Hat and SLES) or unixodbc-dev (Ubuntu). The location of the msodbcsql packages are listed in the following table:

   Linux distribution	ODBC packages location
   Red Hat	https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/7.3/prod
   SLES	https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/12/prod
   Ubuntu 16.04	msodbcsql unixodbc-dev

3. Move the downloaded packages to your Linux machine. If you used a different machine to download the packages, one way to move the packages to your Linux machine is with the scp command.

4. Install the and packages: Install the mssql-tools and msodbc packages. If you get any dependency errors, ignore them until the next step.

   Platform	Package install commands
   Red Hat	sudo yum localinstall msodbcsql-<version>.rpm sudo yum localinstall mssql-tools-<version>.rpm
   SLES	sudo zypper install msodbcsql-<version>.rpm sudo zypper install mssql-tools-<version>.rpm
   Ubuntu	sudo dpkg -i msodbcsql_<version>.deb sudo dpkg -i mssql-tools_<version>.deb

5. Resolve missing dependencies: You might have missing dependencies at this point. If not, you can skip this step. In some cases, you must manually locate and install these dependencies.

   For RPM packages, you can inspect the required dependencies with the following commands:

   For Debian packages, if you have access to approved repositories containing those dependencies, the easiest solution is to use the apt-get command:

   Note

   This command completes the installation of the SQL Server packages as well.

   If this does not work for your Debian package, you can inspect the required dependencies with the following commands:

Next steps

For an example of how to use sqlcmd to connect to SQL Server and create a database, see one of the following quickstarts:

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For an example of how to use bcp to bulk import and export data, see Bulk copy data to SQL Server on Linux.